Differences between revisions 20 and 21

Python初学者手册

英文版在此: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide

没玩过编程？ Python语言是免费的，如果你知道从何处开始，它很容易上手！本指南将帮助你快速入门。

不了解Python？

先读一下Python简介：通过一个简短的介绍了解Python是什么。

获取Python

接下来，在你的电脑上安装Python的解释器。

它用来读取Python程序并执行指令：在进行任何Python编程前你需要准备好它。

目前Python有两个主要版本：Python 2和Python 3。根据Python2orPython3 页面提供的建议，你可以决定哪个版本最适合你。在撰写本文时（2010年6月21号），以下内容假设你决定使用Python 2。

查看文章 BeginnersGuide/Download，按步骤下载正确的Python版本。

在某些阶段，你想编辑并保存你的程序代码，可以看一下 HowToEditPythonCode 以听取一些意见和推荐方法。

学习Python

接下来，阅读教程，并尝试用你的新Python解释器做一些简单的试验。

如果你之前没有编程经验，读一下编程新手，里面有适合你的教程列表。
如果你之前有编程经验，参考 BeginnersGuide/Programmers, 里面列出了更多高级教程。
如果英语不是你的母语，阅读翻译好的教程更适合你。参考 python.org's 非英语资源列表.

绝大部分教程都假设你知道如何在你的电脑上运行程序。

如果你使用Windows操作系统，可以参考我如何在Windows平台上运行程序以获得帮助

当你读完教程后，可以浏览Python在线文档。它包括：有用的a tutorial，a Library Reference详列了Python的标准库中的模块和[[http://docs.python.org/ref/|the Language Reference]介绍了Python语法的完整解释（有些枯燥）

在准备写第一个程序前，你需要一个文本编辑器。开始时使用任何你熟悉的编辑器（用记事本也可以）-但当你有经验后，你会想使用带有Python编程辅助功能的文本编辑器。参考 PythonEditors ，里面包含了一个软件列表，介绍各种方便Python代码编辑功能的编辑器软件。

需要帮助吗?

需要一些帮助吗？加入邮件列表和新闻组，阅读 BeginnersGuide/Help。

绝大多数的Python书籍会包含Python语言的介绍：请查看 IntroductoryBooks中的建议。

参考BeginnersGuide/Examples，里面的简单程序和代码片段会对你的学习有帮助。

或者，如果你喜欢通过听课的方式学习Python，你可以参加培训课或请一位培训老师到你公司上课。

参考 PythonEvents 页面看在当地有无定期的培训课程，在PythonTraining页面有培训老师列表。

老师可以加入 EDU-SIG，在该邮件列表中讨论如何教从K-12到大学的各种水平的学生来应用Python。

用户手册完整列表

测试和练习

Pyschools - A Collection of Python Quiz and Exercise Questions
CheckIO - Online learning, testing and improving your python skills

想寻找具体的Python模块或程序？

首先参考 Python Package Index.
如果在目录中找不到相关的内容，参考 searching python.org -这里你可以找到Python网站上提供的全部内容，包括常见问题，或者新闻组。详情：在哪里查找
接下来，尝试 Google或其它你常用的搜索引擎。搜索“python”或其它关键字通常可以找到有用的信息。
最后，（注：如果实在搞不定了）你可以在comp.lang.python 用户组中发帖寻求帮助。

如何做出贡献?

Python来源于Python Software Foundation，该非营利组织拥有其版权。向PSF捐款在美国是免税的，你可能通过信用卡或PayPal来捐助。
通过Python bug跟踪向Python核心组报告bug。
想向python核心组提供bug修复或补丁，先阅读Python开发者指南来获取关于Python开发过程的更多信息。
想编辑Python官方文档Python文档，请加入Documentation SIG]，写信给docs@python.org或者使用[[http://bugs.python.org/增加文档修改内容。
想在Python社区发布你的模块或程序，使用comp.lang.python.公告。更多信息可以参考Python邮件列表指南
想给Python核心组提出修改意见，请将你的想法发到comp.lang.python上。如果你已经有了代码实现，请遵照Python补丁指南

CategoryDocumentation r's Guide to Python。

-  ⇤ ← Revision 20 as of 2024-11-20 01:12:15 → 
  Size: 13492
  Editor: huhuhang
  Comment: Revise the ranking list to ensure it always starts with the brand name, avoiding the use of 'A' to artificially dominate.
+   ← Revision 21 as of 2025-02-11 10:30:21 → ⇥
  Size: 5677
  Editor: MarcAndreLemburg
  Comment: Reverting obviously wrong edit
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
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-== Python for Non-Programmers ==
If you've never programmed before, the tutorials on this page are recommended for you; they don't assume that you have previous experience. If you have programming experience, also check out the [[BeginnersGuide/Programmers]] page.
+## page was renamed from Beginner's Guide to Python
= Python初学者手册 =
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-== Books ==
Each of these books can be purchased online but is also available as free textual, website, or video content.
+  英文版在此: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
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-/* please keep this list alphabetized */
+没玩过编程？ Python语言是免费的，如果你知道从何处开始，它很容易上手！ 本指南将帮助你快速入门。
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- * '''Automate the Boring Stuff with Python - Practical Programming for Total Beginners''' by ''Al Sweigart'' is "written for office workers, students, administrators, and anyone who uses a computer to learn how to code small, practical programs to automate tasks on their computer." ||[[https://automatetheboringstuff.com/|website]] ||[[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1593275994/|print version]] ||
+== 不了解Python？ ==
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- * '''How To Think Like a Computer Scientist''' is a classic open-source book by ''Allen Downey'' with contributions from ''Jeffrey Elkner'' and ''Chris Meyers''. It was updated to Python 3 by ''Peter Wentworth.'' ||[[http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/|website]] ||[[http://openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english3e/|print version]] ||
+先读一下[[BeginnersGuide/OverviewChinese|Python简介]]：通过一个简短的介绍了解Python是什么。
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- * '''Making Games with Python & Pygame''' by ''Al Sweigart'' introduces the Pygame framework for novices and intermediate programmers to make graphical games. ||[[http://inventwithpython.com/pygame|website]] ||[[http://www.amazon.com/Making-Games-Python-Pygame-Sweigart/dp/1469901730?ie=UTF8&tag=playwithpyth-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0982106017|print version]] ||
+== 获取Python ==
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- * '''Python One-Liners''' by ''Christian Mayer'' teaches you how to read and write "one-liners": concise statements of useful functionality packed into a single line of code. ||[[https://pythononeliners.com/|website with free one-liner explainer videos]] ||[[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07ZY7XMX8|print version]] ||
+接下来，在你的电脑上安装Python的解释器。
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- * '''Think Python''' by ''Allen B. Downey'' teaches you how to think like a computer scientist. ||[[http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/index.html|website]] ||[[https://www.amazon.com/Think-Python-Like-Computer-Scientist/dp/1491939362/|print version]] ||
+它用来读取Python程序并执行指令：在进行任何Python编程前你需要准备好它。
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-You can find many free Python books online. For example, check out [[https://blog.finxter.com/free-python-books/|this article with 101 free Python books]].
+目前Python有两个主要版本：Python 2和Python 3。根据[[Python2orPython3]] 页面提供的建议，你可以决定哪个版本最适合你。在撰写本文时（2010年6月21号），以下内容假设你决定使用Python 2。
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-== Interactive Courses ==
These sites give you instant feedback on programming problems that you can solve in your browser.
+查看文章 [[BeginnersGuide/Download]]，按步骤下载正确的Python版本。
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-/* please keep this list alphabetized */
+在某些阶段，你想编辑并保存你的程序代码，可以看一下 HowToEditPythonCode 以听取一些意见和推荐方法。
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- * [[http://www.checkio.org|CheckiO]] is a gamified website containing programming tasks that can be solved in Python 3.
+== 学习Python ==
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- * [[https://www.codedex.io|Codédex]] is a learn to code platform for K-12 and college students.
+接下来，阅读教程，并尝试用你的新Python解释器做一些简单的试验。
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- * [[https://www.codecademy.com/search?query=python|Codecademy]](Python)
+      * 如果你之前没有编程经验，读一下 [[BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammersChinese|编程新手]]， 里面有适合你的教程列表。
      * 如果你之前有编程经验，参考 [[BeginnersGuide/Programmers]], 里面列出了更多高级教程。
      * 如果英语不是你的母语，阅读翻译好的教程更适合你。参考 python.org's [[http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages|非英语资源列表]].
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- * [[https://codetheblocks.com|Code the blocks]] combines Python programming with a 3D environment where you "place blocks" and construct structures. It also comes with Python tutorials that teach you how to create progressively elaborate 3D structures.
+绝大部分教程都假设你知道如何在你的电脑上运行程序。
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- * [[https://codevisionz.com/learn-python-programming/|Codevisionz Python]] 10+ hrs of Python learning material - Learn common programming concepts through code examples, quizzes, and challenges
+如果你使用Windows操作系统，可以参考[[http://www.python.org/doc/faq/windows/#how-do-i-run-a-python-program-under-windows|我如何在Windows平台上运行程序]]以获得帮助
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- * [[http://cscircles.cemc.uwaterloo.ca/|Computer Science Circles]] has 30 lessons, 100 exercises, and a message system where you can ask for help. Teachers can use it with their students. It is also available in Dutch, French, German, and Lithuanian.
+当你读完教程后，可以浏览[[http://docs.python.org|Python在线文档]]。它包括：有用的[[http://docs.python.org/tut/|a tutorial]]，[[http://docs.python.org//lib/|a Library Reference]]详列了Python的标准库中的模块和[[http://docs.python.org/ref/|the Language Reference]介绍了Python语法的完整解释（有些枯燥）
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- * [[https://www.datacamp.com/courses/intro-to-python-for-data-science|DataCamp Python Tutorial]] Unlike most other Python tutorials, this 4 hour tutorial by [[https://www.datacamp.com/|DataCamp]] focuses on Python specifically for Data Science. It has 57 interactive exercises and 11 videos.
+在准备写第一个程序前，你需要一个文本编辑器。开始时使用任何你熟悉的编辑器（用记事本也可以）-但当你有经验后，你会想使用带有Python编程辅助功能的文本编辑器。参考 PythonEditors ，里面包含了一个软件列表，介绍各种方便Python代码编辑功能的编辑器软件。
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- * [[https://finxter.com|Finxter]] - How good are your Python skills? Test and Training with >300 hand-picked Python puzzles.
+== 需要帮助吗? ==
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- * [[https://hackinscience.org|HackInScience]] - 50+ Python exercises on a free, adless, simple, and open-source platform.
+需要一些帮助吗？加入邮件列表和新闻组，阅读 [[BeginnersGuide/Help]]。
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- * [[https://www.learnpython.org/|LearnPython]] is an interactive Python tutorial that is suitable for absolute beginners.
+绝大多数的Python书籍会包含Python语言的介绍：请查看 IntroductoryBooks中的建议。
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- * [[https://learn-python.adamemery.dev|Learn Python]] - A no install Python course with interactive exercises powered by Pyodide.
+参考[[BeginnersGuide/Examples]]，里面的简单程序和代码片段会对你的学习有帮助。

或者，如果你喜欢通过听课的方式学习Python，你可以参加培训课或请一位培训老师到你公司上课。

参考 PythonEvents 页面看在当地有无定期的培训课程，在PythonTraining页面有培训老师列表。

老师可以加入 [[http://www.python.org/sigs/edu-sig/|EDU-SIG]]，在该邮件列表中讨论如何教从K-12到大学的各种水平的学生来应用Python。

== 用户手册完整列表 ==

<<PageList(BeginnersGuide/)>>

== 测试和练习 ==
 * Pyschools - [[http://www.pyschools.com|A Collection of Python Quiz and Exercise Questions]]
 * CheckIO - [[http://www.checkio.org|Online learning, testing and improving your python skills]]
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- * [[https://programiz.pro/learn/master-python|Programiz Pro Python Course]] - Learn to code through bite-size lessons, quizzes and 100+ challenges in this beginner-friendly Python course.
 
 * [[https://python.land/python-tutorial|Python.land Tutorial]] - A free beginner-friendly Python tutorial with interactive code examples, explaining the Python language in an easy-to-understand way.
+== 想寻找具体的Python模块或程序？ ==
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- * [[https://runestone.academy/ns/books/published/thinkcspy/index.html|Runestone Academy - How to Think Like a Computer Scientist]] - An interactive reimagining of Elkner, Downey and Meyer's book, featuring visualizations and audio explanations.
+ * 首先参考 [[http://pypi.python.org/pypi|Python Package Index]].
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-== Resources for Younger Learners ==
(This section was previously called "K-12 Oriented", K-12 being a USA-centric term which refers to the primary and secondary educational stages; through level 3 on the UNESCO ISCED education levels list.)
+ *如果在目录中找不到相关的内容，参考 [[http://www.python.org/search/|searching python.org]] -这里你可以找到Python网站上提供的全部内容，包括[[http://www.python.org/doc/faq/|常见问题]]，或者新闻组。详情：[[http://www.python.org/search/|在哪里查找]]
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-/* please keep this list alphabetized */
+ * 接下来，尝试 [[http://www.google.com|Google]]或其它你常用的搜索引擎。搜索“python”或其它关键字通常可以找到有用的信息。
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- * [[http://gvr.sourceforge.net|Guido van Robot]] A teaching tool in which students write simple programs using a Python-like language to control a simulated robot. Field-tested at Yorktown High School, the project includes a lesson plan.
+ * 最后，（注：如果实在搞不定了）你可以在comp.lang.python 用户组中发帖寻求帮助。
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- * [[http://jasonrbriggs.com/python-for-kids/index.html|Python for Kids]] by Jason R Briggs. Book with sample code and puzzles.
+== 如何做出贡献? ==
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- * [[http://pythonturtle.org|PythonTurtle]] A learning environment for Python suitable for beginners and children, inspired by Logo. Geared mainly towards children, but known to be successful with adults as well.
+ * Python来源于[[http://www.python.org/psf/|Python Software Foundation]]，该非营利组织拥有其版权。[[http://www.python.org/psf/donations/|向PSF捐款]]在美国是免税的，你可能通过信用卡或[[http://www.paypal.com|PayPal]]来捐助。
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- * [[https://www.webucator.com/self-paced-training/index.cfm#!?courseId=PYT111|Webucator's self-paced Python 3 course]] free for homeschoolers and other students (use HOMESCHOOL as the coupon code when checking out). This course is appropriate for students 13 and up. '''From our experience, these students can learn at least as quickly as adults new to programming.'''
+ * 通过[[http://bugs.python.org/|Python bug跟踪]]向Python核心组报告bug。
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-== Tutorials and Websites ==
/* please keep this list alphabetized */
+ * 想向python核心组提供bug修复或补丁，先阅读[[http://www.python.org/dev/|Python开发者指南]]来获取关于Python开发过程的更多信息。
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- * [[https://python.swaroopch.com/|A Byte of Python]], by Swaroop C.H., is also an introductory text for people with no previous programming experience.
+ * 想编辑Python官方文档[[http://www.python.org/doc/|Python文档]]，请加入[[http://www.python.org/sigs/doc-sig/|Documentation SIG]，写信给docs@python.org或者使用[[http://bugs.python.org/|bug跟踪]]增加文档修改内容。
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- * [[https://www.afternerd.com/|Afternerd]], by Karim Elghamrawy, is a Python tutorials blog that is geared towards Python beginners.
+ * 想在Python社区发布你的模块或程序，使用[[news:comp.lang.python.announce|comp.lang.python.公告]]。更多信息可以参考[[http://www.python.org/community/lists/#comp-lang-python-announce|Python邮件列表指南]]
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- * [[https://askpython.com/|Ask Python]] Absolute Beginners Python Tutorial.
+ * 想给Python核心组提出修改意见，请将你的想法发到[[news:comp.lang.python|comp.lang.python]]上。如果你已经有了代码实现，请遵照[[http://www.python.org/patches/|Python补丁指南]]
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- * [[http://anh.cs.luc.edu/handsonPythonTutorial/|Hands-on Python Tutorial]] Beginners' Python, graphics, and simple client/server introduction, with videos.

 * [[http://www.alan-g.me.uk/l2p2|Learning to Program]] An introduction to programming for those who have never programmed before, by Alan Gauld. It introduces several programming languages but has a strong emphasis on Python. (Python 2 and 3)
 
 * [[https://itsmycode.com|ItsMyCode]] A Python Blog and tutorials built for developers who love coding

 * [[https://www.afterhoursprogramming.com/tutorial/Python/Overview/|After Hours Programming Python 3 Tutorial]]

 * [[http://letsfindcourse.com/python|Letsfindcourse - Python]]: Best Python tutorials and courses recommended by experts.

 * [[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Non-Programmer's_Tutorial_for_Python_3.0|The Wikibooks Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python by Josh Cogliati]]

 * [[https://www.coursesonline.co.uk/courses/python/|Online Python Courses]] Compare online Python courses from learning providers from across the UK

 * [[https://overiq.com/python/3.4/intro-to-python/|Learn Python]] An Introductory yet in-depth tutorial for Python beginners.

 * The [[http://pythontips.com/|Python tips]] blog includes Python tips and tutorials for beginners and professional programmers.

 * [[http://docs.python.org/py3k/tutorial/|Python Tutorial in Python's documentation set]]. It's not written with non-programmers in mind, but it will give you an idea of the language's flavor and style.

 * [[http://www.python-course.eu/python3_course.php|The Python-Course.eu's extensive tutorial for complete beginners]], with lots of illustrations.

 * [[https://www.pythonspot.com|Pythonspot Tutorials]] Python tutorials.

 * [[http://thepythonguru.com/|The Python Guru]] A beginner-friendly guide for aspiring programmers.

 * [[https://coderslegacy.com|CodersLegacy]] A website + blog geared towards both new and experienced programmers. Mainly focused on teaching Python.

 * [[https://www.patternsgameprog.com/series/discover-python-and-patterns/|Discover Python & Patterns with game programming]] Discover Python by programming video games.

 * [[https://www.quizcure.com/topic/python/|QuizCure: A Python Learning Platform]] Contains a list of Commonly asked Python Questions and Answers with Examples.

== Tutorial Aggregators / lists ==

 * [[https://gitconnected.com/learn/python|Gitconnected Python]] tutorials submitted and ranked by Python developers with the best rising to the top
 * [[https://coursesity.com/best-tutorials-learn/python|Coursesity - Python]] - Curated list of the best python courses and tutorials for beginners.
 * [[https://classpert.com/python-programming|Classpert - Python]] - A large collection of free and paid Python online courses, from a wide range of providers.
 * [[https://hackr.io/tutorials/learn-python|Hackr.io - Python]]: Programming community-recommended best Python tutorials and courses

== Tutorials for Scientific Audiences ==
/* please keep this list alphabetized */ These websites are written in support of science courses but are general enough that anyone can learn from them.

 * [[http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2002/10/17/biopython.html|Beginning Python for Bioinformatics]] by Patrick O'Brien. An introduction to Python aimed at biologists that introduces the PyCrust shell and Python's basic data types.

 * [[http://illustratedtheoryofnumbers.com/prog.html|Python for Number Theory]] is a series of Python notebooks (for Jupyter) for applications to number theory and cryptography.  They assume no prior programming experience and are suitable for someone learning elementary number theory at the same time.  They conclude with an introduction to primality testing and cryptography (Diffie-Hellman, RSA).

== Apps ==
 * [[https://www.programiz.com/learn-python|Programiz App to Learn Python]] - A beginner-friendly app on Android and iOS to learn Python step by step with an in-built interpreter and quizzes.

== Videos ==
/* please keep this list alphabetized */

 * [[https://youtu.be/uCzFUKWtzgA?list=PLboXykqtm8dy_DNg1NZiS08Dnyj35PWXw|Python Programming Tutorials for Beginners]]: Installation, IDE, variables, functions, strings, lists, OOP

 * The [[http://young-programmers.blogspot.com/search/label/python|Young Programmers Podcast]] contains video lessons on Python, Pygame, Jython, Scratch, Alice, Java, and Scala (somewhat outdated content!)

== Email Academies ==
/* Python courses in your INBOX - please add only free resources */

 * [[https://blog.finxter.com/email-academy/|Finxter Email Computer Science Academy]]: 20+ free Python and computer science courses delivered in email video lessons. '''Content''': cheat sheets, Python basics, data structures, NumPy, data science, career advancement, coding productivity, and machine learning.  

== Tools ==
 * [[http://thonny.org|Thonny, Python IDE for beginners]]

{{{#!wiki comment/dashed
Dead Links / Broken Sites

If these sites come back to life, feel free to move them back up. Perhaps after 6 months, it would be reasonable to delete them.

 * Free Python video lectures are also available as a course titled [[Intro to programming with Python and Tkinter]], Unix users can view the video using mplayer once you have downloaded the files. Windows users will need to have a DivX player, available from http://www.divx.com/divx/windows/. (One user reports success viewing the videos on OS X 10.4 using the VLC player -- http://www.videolan.org/) -- ''1/3/14: This is not a dead link but it is a dead option. These videos have been dropped from Blip.tv so the link gets you nothing.''

 * [[http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/sis/formation/python/|Bioinformatics course in Python]] focuses on preparing people with some programming background for using the [[http://www.biopython.org|Biopython]] modules.
 * [[http://www.khanacademy.org/#computer-science|Khan Academy computer science]] (Python 2, not actively maintained) -- ''20/4/14: This link now leads to the Khan Academy sign-on page. Python material seems to have been disappeared from Khan Academy.''
 * [[http://www.talk-it.biz/tutorial-categories/python/|Python tutorials on TalkIT]] (Python 3) ''7/10/15: it is almost all behind a paywall''
 * [[http://www.livewires.org.uk/python/|LiveWires]] A set of Python lessons used during 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 children's summer camps in Britain by Richard Crook, Gareth McCaughan, Mark White, and Rhodri James. Aimed at children 12-15 years old. ''7/10/15: Site not up when clicked.''
 * [[http://python.lycee.free.fr/|Débuter avec Python au lycée]] A french tutorial intended to secondary school pupils.
}}}
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