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BrianZimmer, incept: 2005-01-31

This is an introduction to developing Jython, just to get someone started. It doesn't cover in any depth the source code or the design behind Jython. It's purely aimed at getting a development environment setup. It's definitely not complete so feel free to make it better!		 This is an introduction to developing Jython, just to get someone started. It doesn't cover the source code in any depth or discuss the design behind Jython. It's purely aimed at getting a development environment set up. It's definitely not complete so feel free to make it better!
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''' CVS ''' <<TableOfContents>>
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  * Wiki:ConcurrentVersionControl
  * available on most *nix systems or with cygwin on Windows
  * GUI clients are available on most platforms
  * Eclipse users, see [wiki:Self:/JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes#CVS Eclipse CVS notes]

  * '''Login'''
  {{{
      cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython login
  }}}
    
  * '''Checkout'''
    * ''NewStyleClasses:''you'll want to checkout the newstyle classes branch:
     {{{
       cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython co -P -d jython.newstyle-branch -r newstyle-branch jython
     }}}

    * ''2.1 Stable:''
     {{{
       cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython co -P -d jython.Release_2_1 -r Release_2_1 jython
     }}}

    * ''2.2 Alpha 0:''
     {{{
       cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython co -P -d jython.Release_2_2alpha0 -r Release_2_2alpha0 jython
     }}}		 == Mercurial ==
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    * ''The tip:''
     {{{
       cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython co -P jython
     }}}

    * ''Preparing a Patch on Unix command line:'' (note multiple changes can be concatencated into one patch file using >> as shown.
     {{{
       cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/jython diff -u PyFloat.java >> patchfile.txt
     }}}
''' Python '''

  * http://www.python.org/2.2.3/
  * Jython uses Python's standard library where possible. This means you will need a working copy of Python source files for the stdlib. We currently use Python 2.2 so you can grab the files from here if you don't already have 2.2 installed.		  * Check out a copy of the Jython source with [[http://mercurial.selenic.com/|Mercurial]], available on most *nix systems or with Cygwin on Windows.
 * You can use the command line tool `hg`, or [[http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/OtherTools#Graphical_user_interfaces|GUI clients are available]] on most platforms.
 * NetBeans, Eclipse and other Java IDEs also integrate Mercurial support. Eclipse users should see [[JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes|JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes]].
 * Browse the source code on the Web at http://hg.python.org/jython or at the official mirror on [[BitBucket|BitBucket]], at http://bitbucket.org/jython/jython.
 * To obtain the a copy of the ''current development'' source, clone the repo via:
  .
  {{{
hg clone http://hg.python.org/jython
}}}
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''' JavaCC '''  * It's easy to create your own fork of the repo on [[BitBucket|BitBucket]], visit http://bitbucket.org/jython/jython and click on 'Fork'
 * Attach patches to issues in the [[http://bugs.jython.org/|Jython bug tracker]].
  * Also, you can upload them to http://codereview.appspot.com (the Jython repository is already registered).
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  * https://javacc.dev.java.net/
  * Parser generator for Java. Generally needed only for working on parser.
  * It's not really required that you install this so I'd skip it.
  * The latest version is JDK 1.5 compatible (uses 'e' rather than 'enum' as variable name).		 == IDE Support ==

Because Jython is an Ant project, it's a bit tricky to configure an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for it.

These notes should help:

   * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes|JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes]]
   * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/IntellijNotes|JythonDeveloperGuide/IntellijNotes]]
   * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/IntellijTricks|JythonDeveloperGuide/IntellijTricks]]

== Subversion (Historical) ==
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''' Ant '''

  * http://ant.apache.org/ A Java-based build tool.
  * Eclipse users, see [wiki:Self:/JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes#ANT Eclipse ANT notes]
  * The Makefiles in the repository are old and will be removed.
  * Download the latest version and install so the bin/ is somewhere in your path.
  * The build.xml is the file containing the compiler directives
  * It uses a file called ant.properties to override default paths; here's mine:
    {{{
    build.compiler=modern
    debug=on
    optimize=off

    javaccHome=/Users/bzimmer/Library/Java/Extras/javacc-3.2

    ht2html.dir=
    #python.home=
    python.lib=/sw/lib/python2.2
    python.exe=/sw/bin/python2.2

    ### zxJDBC ###
    oracle.jar=
    mysql.jar=/Users/bzimmer/Library/Java/Extras/mysql-connector-java-3.1.6-bin.jar
    informix.jar=
    postgresql.jar=/Users/bzimmer/Library/Java/Extras/pg74.215.jdbc2.jar
    jdbc.jar=
    servlet.jar=
    }}}		 When Jython first followed CPython into use of Mercurial as the repository, it continued to reference a part of the CPython source at {{{ https://svn.python.org }}} as a "sub-repository". This meant you still needed [[http://subversion.apache.org|Subversion]] installed. As of 20 March 2012, the Jython Mercurial repository contains a snapshot of CPython libs in the 2.2, 2.5, and default branches.
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''' Jars '''

  * Jython uses many optional jars
  * These are not required for building locally but are for deployment with the installer
  * The ant script takes care of conditional compilation

''' IDEs '''

  * Any Java IDE will work
    * IntelliJ
    * Eclipse see /EclipseNotes
    * Vim
    * ...

''' Tests '''
 After you've built the project, you may want to set up an excutable file on your path to make it easy to launch your build of jython. This file will need to:
 *Set the python home property to the `dist` directory of your build (otherwise, you'll get import errors on the standard lib stuff).
 *Execute the `jython.jar` in the `dist` produced by the build.
Here's a batch file that runs the built jython.jar (for windows): [[Anchor(sampleBatch)]]
{{{
:: jytip.bat
@echo off
set ARGS=

:: concatenate all the command line args into one
:loop
if [%1] == [] goto end
        set ARGS=%ARGS% %1
        shift
        goto loop
:end

:: this is mine...
:: java -Dpython.home=C:\\workspace\\JythonTip\\jython\\dist -jar
::<cont> c:\workspace\JythonTip\jython\dist\jython.jar %ARGS%
:: fill in <placeholders> below:
java -Dpython.home=<path to dist directory>\\dist -jar <path to dist directory>\dist\jython.jar %ARGS%
}}}
Now your ready to run tests...

  * There are a couple different places to find test cases
    * Jython's Lib/test
    * Jython's bugtests repository
    * Python2.2's Lib/test
  * Run the particular test or you can run the whole suite by running `regrtest.py` with the `-a` option

''' Directory layout '''

  * com : zxJDBC related sources"
  * Demo : demo sources for the website and such"
  * Doc : the website documentation"
  * installer : the current installer which apparently no longer works"
  * Lib : the python source files for Jython standard library implementations
  * Lib/test : test cases
  * Misc : random scripts which are not all used; some generate source
  * org : top level package for python and apache (used for regex)
  * Tools : JythonC and Freeze

''' Coding Guidance '''

  * CodingStandards : The standards for writing Java code for Jython
  * JythonModulesInJava : How to write a Jython module in Java
  * JythonClassesInJava : How to write a Jython class in Java		 You therefore only need the following advice if you are somehow working with an old repository.
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   The following advice is based on experience using Mercurial 1.9, [[http://sliksvn.com|Slik Subversion]] and Windows 7 (AMDx64). Other tools and operating systems exist. An installation that gives you the command 'svn' on your path is sufficient.


If you do not have Subversion installed (and on the PATH) the Mercurial {{{hg clone}}} command will terminate with the message:


{{{
abort: The system cannot find the file specified
}}}


at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository, specified in the files {{{ .hgsub }}} and {{{ .hgsubstate }}}.


A second requirement is that Subversion should accept the SSL certificate from the site svn.python.org. If you have not used Subversion already to access the site, you may find that the {{{ hg clone }}} command hangs at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository. A simple solution is to visit the site once from the command line as follows:


{{{
svn info https://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/release26-maint/Lib/
}}}


Subversion will issue a warning about the certificate, and you will be able to "accept permanently" the site's certificate. The Mercurial clone operation should not now hang.


If you see the sub-directory {{{ CPythonLib }}} created in your local repository, then the call to Subversion by Mercurial was a success. (It can take a few minutes to complete.)


== Ant ==


 * [[http://ant.apache.org/|Ant]] is a Java-based tool used to build Jython from source.
 * Eclipse users, see [[JythonDeveloperGuide/EclipseNotes#ANT|Eclipse Ant notes]]
 * Download the latest version (Jython requires Ant 1.7 or later to build) and install it so Ant's `bin` directory is somewhere in your path.
 * To build Jython, run `ant` in the top-level Jython directory (which contains the Ant file `build.xml`).
 * The results of the build appear in the `dist` subdirectory.


== Tests ==


The Jython build process generates an executable Bash script, `dist/bin/jython`, to make it easy to launch your build of Jython. It works on Unix-like platforms (including Mac OS X and Cygwin).


If you're using Windows without Cygwin, use the batch file `dist/bin/jython.bat` instead.


Now you're ready to run tests...


 * There are a couple different places to find test cases
  * Jython's `dist/Lib/test` (populated by the build process)
  * Jython's `bugtests` subdirectory (included with the development sources)

 * Run a particular test, or the whole Python test suite with `ant regrtest`.


See [[TestingJython|TestingJython]] for some more details.


== Directory layout ==


Note the following describes the current trunk/jython. If you are working from an older tag, src doesn't exist and src/com and src/org are moved up a level.


 * `src/org` : top level package for python
 * `src/com` : zxJDBC related sources
 * `src/shell` : launcher scripts
 * `src/templates`: java source generator & related templates, used to update portions of java classes elsewhere in the source tree
 * `Demo` : demo sources for the website and such
 * `Doc` : the website documentation (see [[JythonDeveloperGuide/WebsiteBuilderSetup]] to build the http://jython.org website)
 * `Lib` : the python source files for Jython standard library implementations
 * `Lib/test` : test cases
 * `Misc` : random scripts which are not all used; some generate source
 * `Tools` : JythonC and Freeze
 * `lib-python/<version>` : Lib directory from the corresponding version of cpython
 * `bugtests` : additional test cases covering bug reports


== Coding guidance ==


 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/PortingPythonModulesToJython]] : A good starting task for a Jython developer
 * [[CodingStandards|CodingStandards]] : The standards for writing Java code for Jython
 * [[PatchGuidelines|PatchGuidelines]] : How to make a patch for submission to the tracker


== How things work ==


 * [[ImplementNewType|ImplementNewType]] : Implementing a new type (a beginner's notes)
 * [[ImplementSequenceType|ImplementSequenceType]] : Implementing a new sequence type
 * [[JythonModulesInJava|JythonModulesInJava]] : How to write a Jython module in Java
 * [[PythonTypesInJava|PythonTypesInJava]] : How to make a Jython type in Java (2.5 and later), mostly about the type exposer
 * [[JythonClassesInJava|JythonClassesInJava]] : How to make a Jython class in Java (pre-2.2, deprecated)
 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/AttributeLookupMethods]] : Some explanation for the different methods to lookup attributes on [[PyObject|PyObject]].
 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/ImplementingStrAndRepr]] : Tips for implementation of `__str__` and `__unicode__` in Java.
 * [[IntegerConversion|IntegerConversion]] : Basics of converting [[PyObject|PyObject]] numbers to Java primitives
 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/UsingPyNewStringFromPythonCode]] : On the corner case of converting a Java String to a Python String.
 * [[GeneratedDerivedClasses|GeneratedDerivedClasses]] : {{{gderived.py}}}, a tool used when implementing new types
 * [[BufferProtocol|BufferProtocol]] : Design of a Jython equivalent to the CPython buffer protocol (buffer API)
 * [[MethodDispatch|MethodDispatch]] : An explanation of Jython method dispatch mechanism.


== Other stuff ==


 * [[WebsiteBuilderSetup|WebsiteBuilderSetup]] : How to get the pieces setup to edit and build the Jython website
 * [[VersionTransition|VersionTransition]] : Why some tests are excluded in going to a new version and how to go about fixing them
 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/RegressionTestNotes]] : Some notes the regression tests
 * [[JythonDeveloperGuide/PleaseAdoptMe]] : Tasks looking for volunteers
 * [[HowToReleaseJython|HowToReleaseJython]] : Checklist for building a release and updating the website
 * [[SvnToHgMigration|SvnToHgMigration]] : Notes on the migration to Mercurial


== Tasks ==


 * [[PerformanceEnhancements|PerformanceEnhancements]] : Ideas on how to speedup Jython
 * [[CodebaseCleanup|CodebaseCleanup]] : Tasks/general guidelines on keeping the codebase clean


=== Porting external projects to Jython ===


 * [[DjangoOnJython|DjangoOnJython]]
 * [[MercurialOnJython|MercurialOnJython]]
 * [[SqlAlchemyOnJython|SqlAlchemyOnJython]]
 * [[SetuptoolsOnJython|SetuptoolsOnJython]]
 * [[PylonsOnJython|PylonsOnJython]]
 * [[TwistedOnJython|TwistedOnJython]]

This is an introduction to developing Jython, just to get someone started. It doesn't cover the source code in any depth or discuss the design behind Jython. It's purely aimed at getting a development environment set up. It's definitely not complete so feel free to make it better!

Contents

  1. Mercurial
  2. IDE Support
  3. Subversion (Historical)
  4. Ant
  5. Tests
  6. Directory layout
  7. Coding guidance
  8. How things work
  9. Other stuff
  10. Tasks
    1. Porting external projects to Jython

Mercurial

IDE Support

Because Jython is an Ant project, it's a bit tricky to configure an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for it.

These notes should help:

Subversion (Historical)

When Jython first followed CPython into use of Mercurial as the repository, it continued to reference a part of the CPython source at  https://svn.python.org  as a "sub-repository". This meant you still needed Subversion installed. As of 20 March 2012, the Jython Mercurial repository contains a snapshot of CPython libs in the 2.2, 2.5, and default branches.

You therefore only need the following advice if you are somehow working with an old repository.

The following advice is based on experience using Mercurial 1.9, Slik Subversion and Windows 7 (AMDx64). Other tools and operating systems exist. An installation that gives you the command 'svn' on your path is sufficient.

If you do not have Subversion installed (and on the PATH) the Mercurial hg clone command will terminate with the message: 

abort: The system cannot find the file specified

at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository, specified in the files  .hgsub  and  .hgsubstate .

A second requirement is that Subversion should accept the SSL certificate from the site svn.python.org. If you have not used Subversion already to access the site, you may find that the  hg clone  command hangs at the point where it attempts to read the sub-repository. A simple solution is to visit the site once from the command line as follows: 

svn info https://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/release26-maint/Lib/

Subversion will issue a warning about the certificate, and you will be able to "accept permanently" the site's certificate. The Mercurial clone operation should not now hang.

If you see the sub-directory  CPythonLib  created in your local repository, then the call to Subversion by Mercurial was a success. (It can take a few minutes to complete.)

Ant

  • Ant is a Java-based tool used to build Jython from source.

  • Eclipse users, see Eclipse Ant notes

  • Download the latest version (Jython requires Ant 1.7 or later to build) and install it so Ant's bin directory is somewhere in your path.

  • To build Jython, run ant in the top-level Jython directory (which contains the Ant file build.xml).

  • The results of the build appear in the dist subdirectory.

Tests

The Jython build process generates an executable Bash script, dist/bin/jython, to make it easy to launch your build of Jython. It works on Unix-like platforms (including Mac OS X and Cygwin).

If you're using Windows without Cygwin, use the batch file dist/bin/jython.bat instead.

Now you're ready to run tests...

  • There are a couple different places to find test cases

    • Jython's dist/Lib/test (populated by the build process)

    • Jython's bugtests subdirectory (included with the development sources)

  • Run a particular test, or the whole Python test suite with ant regrtest.

See TestingJython for some more details.

Directory layout

Note the following describes the current trunk/jython. If you are working from an older tag, src doesn't exist and src/com and src/org are moved up a level.

  • src/org : top level package for python

  • src/com : zxJDBC related sources

  • src/shell : launcher scripts

  • src/templates: java source generator & related templates, used to update portions of java classes elsewhere in the source tree

  • Demo : demo sources for the website and such

  • Doc : the website documentation (see JythonDeveloperGuide/WebsiteBuilderSetup to build the http://jython.org website)

  • Lib : the python source files for Jython standard library implementations

  • Lib/test : test cases

  • Misc : random scripts which are not all used; some generate source

  • Tools : JythonC and Freeze

  • lib-python/<version> : Lib directory from the corresponding version of cpython

  • bugtests : additional test cases covering bug reports

Coding guidance

How things work

Other stuff

Tasks

Porting external projects to Jython

JythonDeveloperGuide (last edited 2014-07-26 16:06:40 by HenningJacobs)