Powerful Python One-Liners

This is a page that is devoted to short programs that can perform powerful operations. The ability to write short programs that are just as powerful as a program written in another language designed to do the same thing. However, it is sometimes fun to try and write a program in Python that is only one line. In other languages this would be nearly impossible, but in Python it is a lot easier to do. The trick is to think up something that will "do a lot with a little." I, personally, would love to see this page expanded to the point where it needs some sort of organization system.

Thanks for Your Code, JAM

Of course, there is debate on whether one-liners are even Pythonic.

Contributed Code

• JAM/Code/PlatformFinder - This program tells you what platform you are using.

• JAM/Code/ComPYiler - This program compiles every .py file in the Python directory.

• Powerful Python One-Liners/Hostname - This programs tells you what your hostname is.

Some thoughts by ewo:

• Want to know many bytes a terabyte is? If you know further abbreviations, you can extend the list.

import pprint;pprint.pprint(zip(('Byte', 'KByte', 'MByte', 'GByte', 'TByte'), (1 << 10*i for i in xrange(5))))

• And what's the largest number that can be represented by 8 Byte?

print '\n'.join("%i Byte = %i Bit = largest number: %i" % (j, j*8, 256**j-1) for j in (1 << i for i in xrange(8)))

Cute, isn't it?

Set of all subsets

• Function that returns the set of all subsets of its argument

f = lambda x: [[y for j, y in enumerate(set(x)) if (i >> j) & 1] for i in range(2**len(set(x)))]

>>>f([10,9,1,10,9,1,1,1,10,9,7])
[[], [9], [10], [9, 10], [7], [9, 7], [10, 7], [9, 10, 7], [1], [9, 1], [10, 1], [9, 10, 1], [7, 1], [9, 7, 1], [10, 7, 1], [9, 10, 7, 1]]

-RJW

Alternately (shorter, more functional version):

f = lambda l: reduce(lambda z, x: z + [y + [x] for y in z], l, [[]])

Decode a base64 encoded file

import base64, sys; base64.decode(open(sys.argv[1], "rb"), open(sys.argv[2], "wb"))

Editing a list of files in place

I came up with this one-liner in response to an article that said it couldn't be done as an one-liner in Python.

What this does is replace the substring "at" by "op" on all lines of all files (in place) under the path specified (here, the current path).

• Caution: Don't run this on your home directory or you're going to get all your text files edited.

   1 import sys,os,re,fileinput;a=[i[2] for i in os.walk('.') if i[2]] [0];[sys.stdout.write(re.sub('at','op',j)) for j in fileinput.input(a,inplace=1)]

Clearer is: import os.path; a=[f for f in os.listdir('.') if not os.path.isdir(f)]

Reimplementing cut

Print every line from an input file but remove the first two fields.

python -c "import sys;[sys.stdout.write(' '.join(line.split(' ')[2:])) for line in sys.stdin]" < input.txt 

Cramming Python into Makefiles

A related issue is embedding Python into a Makefile. I had a really long script that I was trying to cram into a makefile so I automated the process:

import sys,re

def main():
    fh = open(sys.argv[1],'r')
    lines = fh.readlines()
    print '\tpython2.2 -c "`printf \\"if 1:\\n\\'
    for line in lines:
        line = re.sub('[\\\'\"()]','\\\g<0>',line)
        # grab leading white space (should be multiples of 4) and makes them into
        # tabs
        wh_spc_len = len(re.match('\s*',line).group())
        
        sys.stdout.write('\t')
        sys.stdout.write(wh_spc_len/4*'\\t'+line.rstrip().lstrip())
        sys.stdout.write('\\n\\\n')
    print '\t\\"`"'

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()

This script generates a "one-liner" from make's point of view.

echo unicode character:

python -c "print unichr(234)"

This script echo "ê"

Apply regular expression to lines from stdin

[another command] | python -c "import sys,re;[sys.stdout.write(re.sub('PATTERN', 'SUBSTITUTION', line)) for line in sys.stdin]"

Modify lines from stdin using map

python -c "import sys; tmp = lambda x: sys.stdout.write(x.split()[0]+'\t'+str(int(x.split()[1])+1)+'\n'); map(tmp, sys.stdin);"

Display List of all users on Unix like system

print '\n'.join(line.split(":",1)[0] for line in open("/etc/passwd"))