Comparing Python to various other languages:
Full Treatments:
External Articles:
Several: Lutz Prechelt's article [http://www.ipd.uka.de/~prechelt/Biblio/ An Empirical Comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl for a Search/String-Processing Program] is a little old ((c) 2000), but it is REAL RESEARCH, comparing productivity and program performance for 80 different implementations of the same requirements, in 7 languages.
Several: Guido's essay [http://www.python.org/doc/essays/comparisons.html Comparing Python to Other Languages] is quite old (1997).
Several: GlyphLefkowitz wrote, and MikeConnell updated some very simple [http://www.flat222.org/mac/bench/ performance benchmarks]. Since 2002 this is no longer being updated.
Perl: In [http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=3882 Why Python] Eric Raymond describes how he discovered Python, how it compares to Perl, and why he was impressed.
Perl: The humorous [http://www.python.org/doc/Humor.html#yoda Python vs. Perl according to Yoda].
Lisp: Peter Norvig wrote [http://www.norvig.com/python-lisp.html Python for Lisp Programmers] which includes a feature-by-feature comparison.
Scheme: Moshe Zadka has written [http://www.python.org/doc/pythonVSscheme.html a brief outline of the differences between Python and Scheme].
Tcl: Frank Stajano's paper, [http://www.foretec.com/python/workshops/1998-11/proceedings/papers/stajano/stajano.html Implementing the SMS server, or why I switched from Tcl to Python], was presented at the [http://www.foretec.com/python/workshops/1998-11/ Seventh Internation Python Conference] (in 1998). (Also available in [http://www-lce.eng.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/tr-1998-9.pdf PDF].)
... please add more!