Distutils
Distutils is by now the standard mechanism to distribute Python packages and extensions, and appeared in Python 1.6. It runs under 1.5.2 though, but you have to install it (once) to use it for that Python version.
Learning Distutils
Documentation
distutils — Building and installing Python modules
Distributing Python Modules - information for developers
Installing Python Modules - information for users and system administrators
PyPI's XML-RPC interface for querying the packages database
Projects
Distutils/Projects - please add a listing to this page if you're working on Distutils (and help us reduce duplication of effort)
DistUtilsExtensions is a repository of extensions for your "setup.py".
Tutorials
Distutils/Tutorial is a small tutorial to introduce the topic. It includes a complete demo, from start to finish.
CheeseShopTutorial is a related tutorial that just covers submitting information to the Python Package Index
Misc.
#distutils - irc channel for Distutils