Paradoxically, a UnicodeDecodeError may happen when _encoding_. The cause of it seems to be the coding-specific encode() functions that normally expect a parameter of type unicode. It appears that on seeing an str parameter, the encode() functions "up-convert" it into unicode before converting to their own coding. It also appears that such "up-conversion" makes no assumption of str parameter's coding, choosing a default ascii decoder. Hence a decoding failure inside an encoder.

   1 >>> u"a".encode("utf-8")
   2 'a'
   3 >>> u"\u0411".encode("utf-8")
   4 '\xd0\x91'
   5 >>> "a".encode("utf-8")
   6 'a'
   7 >>> "\xd0\x91".encode("utf-8")
   8 Traceback (most recent call last):
   9   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  10 UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

CategoryUnicode